英语语法之倒装句

大家好今天给大家讲解倒装句的是我Hello,Mr Crab。这句话本身就是一个倒装句。倒装句简单来说就是把句子中的谓语成分或者部分谓语移到主语的前面这样做通常是为了强调、平衡句子结构或者符合某些特定的语法规则。接下来我将给大家讲解英语中的倒装句。倒装句类型倒装句定义正常语序主语谓语(动词)其它成分倒装句语序谓语(动词)主语其它成分倒装句谓语动词放到主语之前倒装句分类完全倒装谓语动词放到主语之前部分倒装只有助动词放到主语之前形式倒装仅将强调内容提至句首谓语动词不提前完全倒装句子在进行倒装时是有一定前提的并不是随心所欲想倒装就可以倒装对于完全倒装而言出现以下几种情况时我们才会把谓语动词置于主语之前进行倒装。方位副词在句首当句子以表示方位、方向的副词如 here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off或拟声词如bang, crack开头且谓语是表示位置移动或存在的不及物动词如 be, come, go, run, rush, fly, fall, lie, stand, sit时常用完全倒装。句子结构方位副词/拟声词 谓语动词 主语名词例句Here comes the bus.公交车来了。There goes the bell.铃声响了。Up went the arrow into the air.箭嗖的一声射向天空。Away flew the bird.鸟飞走了。例外如果主语是人称代词则不需要倒装​句子结构方位副词 主语代词 谓语动词。Here we go.我们出发吧。Away he went.他走了。Down it fell.它掉了下来。地点状语在句首当句首是表示地点、位置的介词短语如 in the room, on the hill, at the foot of the mountain, from the valley且谓语动词是 be, stand, lie, sit, exist, live, remain​ 等表示“存在、位于、静止”的动词时常用完全倒装来生动地呈现场景。句子结构地点状语 谓语动词 主语名词例句On the hill stands an ancient temple.山上矗立着一座古庙In the corner of the room sits a quiet girl.房间的角落里坐着一个安静的女孩From the valley came a strange sound.从山谷传来一个奇怪的声音At the foot of the mountain lies a small village.山脚下躺着一个小村庄表语提前为了强调主语的状态可以将作表语的成分形容词、过去分词、现在分词、介词短语提前至句首后面跟上be动词和主语。句子结构表语 be动词 主语名词例句Gone are the days when we played together.我们一起玩耍的日子一去不复返)- 形容词作表语Seated on the ground were a group of students.坐在地上的是一群学生- 过去分词作表语Lying on the bed was an old man.躺在床上的是一位老人- 现在分词作表语Among the guests was the famous scientist.在宾客之中是那位著名的科学家- 介词短语作表语Such,So强调当 “such” 或 “so...that...” 结构中的 “such” 或 “so 形容词” 部分提到句首以示强调时主句常用完全倒装。句子结构Such/So 形容词 be动词 主语 that例句Such a good girl is she that everyone wants to stay with her.她是如此好的一个女孩以至于每个人都想和她待在一起正常语序She is such a good girl that everyone wants to stay with her.So frightened was he that he could not move.他吓得动弹不得正常语序He was so frightened that he could not move.直接引语后注明讲话人在叙事中当直接引语在前“某人说”​ 的结构在后且主语是名词时常用完全倒装。如果主语是代词或谓语带有宾语、状语则通常不倒装。句子结构“直接引语” 谓语动词said, asked等 主语名词例句“Help!” shouted the boy.“救命”男孩喊道。“I don’t know,” replied Mary.“我不知道”玛丽回答。不倒装的情况“Help!” he shouted.主语是代词不倒装“I don’t know,” Mary replied quietly.谓语带有状语通常不倒装完全倒装总结情况引导词(句子开头的成分)谓语动词的特点例句方位副词/拟声词Here, There, Up, Away, Bang表示运动/存在的不及物动词Here comes thebus地点状语介词短语 (in, on, at...)be, stand, lie, sit 等表示存在的动词In the room was a piano表语提前形容词/过去分词/现在分词/介词短语(seated on,standing)be动词Seated on theGround is a group of janpaneseSuch/So强调​Such / So 形容词be动词So frightened was he that he could not move直接引语后注明讲话人​直接引语said, asked, shouted“Yes,” answered the child.部分倒装部分倒装则指的是将谓语的一部分通常是助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前而主要动词实义动词仍保留在主语之后。其基本结构是特定引导词/结构 助动词/情态动词/be动词 主语 其他成分常见的助动词否定词或半否定词置于句首时当句子以具有否定或限制意义的副词、短语或从句开头且这些词修饰整个句子作状语时主句必须进行部分倒装。1. 否定副词开头Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly, ScarcelyNever have I seensuch a spectacular performance. 我从未看过如此精彩的演出Seldom does he goto bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉2. 含“no”的短语开头At no time, In no way, By no means, Under no circumstances, On no account​ (表示“绝不例句Under no circumstances should youdisclose the password. 在任何情况下你都不应泄露密码。By no means is hean expert in this field.他绝不是这个领域的专家3. “Not” 开头的结构Not only... (but also)...“Not only”引导的分句要倒装 “but also”引导的不倒装Not until 时间 (从句/短语)...​主句倒装Not a single word/Nothing/Nobody 等​ 作状语置于句首例句Not only did he finish​the work, (but) he also helped others. 他不仅完成了自己的工作还帮助了别人。Not until yesterday did I realize​the truth. 直到昨天我才意识到真相Not until the teacher came in did the students​ become quiet. 直到老师进来学生们才安静下来。Not a single mistake did he make​ in the exam. 他考试中一个错误都没犯4. 固定搭配Hardly/Scarcely... when...​ 一…就…No sooner... than...​ 一…就…例句Hardly had I sat down when​the phone rang. 我刚坐下电话就响了No sooner had he arrived than​ he started complaining. 他一到就开始抱怨“Only” 修饰状语并置于句首时当“only”强调一个状语副词、介词短语或状语从句并将其置于句首时主句需要部分倒装。例句Only then did I understand​ what he meant. 只有到那时我才明白他的意思。 - 强调副词“then”Only in this way can we​ solve the problem. 只有用这种方法我们才能解决问题。 - 强调介词短语“in this way”Only when you lose something do you​realize its value. 只有当你失去某物时你才会意识到它的价值。 - 强调状语从句“when...”注意如果“only”修饰的是主语则不需要倒装Only John knows​ the answer. 只有约翰知道答案。 “only”修饰主语“John”“So... that...” 和 “Such... that...” 结构为了强调程度可以将“So 形容词/副词”或“Such 名词”提到句首此时主句需部分倒装。例句So fast did he runthat we couldn’t catch up. 他跑得太快了我们追不上。在虚拟条件句中省略“if”虚拟语气中的一种特殊倒装。如果条件从句中包含 were, had, should可以省略“if”并将这三个词提至句首构成部分倒装。例句Were I you​ ( If I were you),I would accept the job. 如果我是你我会接受这份工作。Had you arrived​earlier ( If you had arrived earlier), you would have met her. 如果你早到一点就能见到她了Should it rain tomorrow ( If it should rain tomorrow), the match will be postponed. 万一下雨比赛将被推迟在“as/though”引导的让步状语从句中在正式或文学性文体中用“as”或“though”表示“尽管”时常将表语、状语或动词原形提前从句本身主谓部分倒装。例句Try as you might,you won’t succeed.尽管你努力尝试也不会成功。- 动词原形提前Young as/though he is,he is very responsible.尽管他年轻但很有责任心。- 形容词提前Much as I admire him,I don’t agree with him on this.尽管我很钦佩他但在这点上我不同意他。-副词提前附和与比较(So/either/neither)这属于比较常见的口语和书面语用法。当我们需要对某个事件表示附和的时候经常会说So am I(我也是)。例句You are a fan, and so am I. 你是粉丝我也是He didn’t like the movie, and neither/nor did I. 他不喜欢那部电影我也不喜欢祝愿(May)在一些祝福语句中我们会将情态动词放到句子开头处比如May例句May you succeed!​ 祝你成功Long live the king!​ 国王万岁部分倒装总结情况引导词(句子开头的成分)例句否定词置于句首RarelyScarcelyNeverlittleNot untilNever have I felt​ so excited.Only 状语Only then, Only byOnly in this way..Only in this wat can we succeed程度强调​So... that..., Such... that.So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up.虚拟省略if​Were, Had, ShouldWere he here, he would help.让步从句as/thoughFarner as he is, he knows a lot附和/比较​so/neither/norI’m tired. – So am I.祝愿May,Long LiveMay all your dreams come true!形式倒装If you eat more apples, you will become healthier.主谓 you will 顺序正常The more apples you eatthe healthier you will be.主谓 you eat 顺序正常但相比上一个把比较级短语提前了严格的意义上来说这种形式的句子还算不上倒装句(按照我们前边的定义倒装句的顺序是谓主)但是有些教材认为这种强调前置的形式也属于形式倒装范畴。感叹句句子结构引导词(what,how)形容词、副词或名词短语主语谓语例句What a good person he is!How beautiful the sceneary is!The more 比较级句子结构The比较级...The比较级...例句The more apples you eatthe healthier you will be.让步状语从句这种形式倒装通常出现在引导词为however、whatever、as、though的从句中。句子结构将形容词或副词或表语提到句首从句主谓保持正常顺序。例句However引导However tiring the exercise is, you should do it.As/Though引导Much as he likes the food, he doesnt want to eat it.总结以上便是本文所有内容如果对你有用还请一键三连支持一下!